DBMS INTERDUCTION

Overview of Database Management System:

Science, business, education, economy, law, culture, all areas of human development “work” with the constant aid of data. Databases play a crucial role within science research Stock exchange data are absolutely necessary to any analyst; access to comprehensive databases of large scale is an everyday activity of a teacher, an educator, an academic or a lawyer. There are databases collecting all sorts of different data: nuclear structure and radioactive decay data for isotopes (the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File) and genes sequences (the Human Genome Database), prisoners’ DNA data (“DNA offender database”), names of people accused for drug offenses, telephone numbers, legal materials and many others.

Data and Information:

Data are raw facts that constitute building block of information. Data are the heart of the DBMS. It is to be

noted that all the data will not convey useful information. Useful information is obtained from processed data. Data are a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or automatic means. The data in DBMS can be broadly classified into two types, one is the collection of information needed by the organization and the other is “metadata” which is the information about the database.

Database:

A database is a well-organized collection of data that are related in a meaningful way, which can be accessed in different logical orders. Database systems are systems in which the interpretation and storage of information are of primary importance. The database should contain all the data needed by the organization as a result, a huge volume of data, the need for long-term storage of the data, and access of the data by a large number of users generally characterize database systems.

Database Management System:

Database Management System (DBMS) consists of collection of interrelated data and a set of programs

to access that data. It is software that is helpful in maintaining and utilizing a database. DBMS is a complex

system that allows a user to do many things to data as shown in bellow. From this figure, it is evident that DBMS allows user to input data, share the data, edit the data, manipulate the data, and display the data in the database. Because a DBMS allows more than one user to share the data; the complexity extends to its design and implementation.

Data Vs Information:

Data Information

Data is raw fact and figures Information is a processed form of data.

Ex: 32 Ex: Age 32

Data is not significant to a business Information is significant to a business

Data does not help in decision making Information helps in decision making

Input to any system may be treated as data Output after processing the system is information

Difficult to understand properly Easy to understand

Data may not be in the order Information should be in the order

Database:

Database can be defined as A well organized collection of data that are related in a meaningful way, which can be accessed by different users but stored only once. Purpose: Data is a very important resource in the operation and management of an organization. So, it is very essential to organize the data in a meaningful manner, because an unorganized data has no meaning. With the increased demand of the data in the various organizations such as banks, universities, railways, airlines, companies etc., it become a necessity to store data in an organized manner so that it can be used again and again. So, we need a database to store the data in an organized form.

Characteristics of Data in a Database:

The data in a database should have the following features:

1. Shared: Data in a database are shared among different users and applications

2. Persistence: Data in a database exist permanently in the sense the data can live beyond

the scope of the process that created it.

3. Validity/Integrity/Correctness: Data should be correct with respect to the real world

entity that they represent.

4. Security: Data should be protected from unauthorized access.

5. Consistency: Whenever more than one data element in a database represents related

real-world values, the values should be consistent with respect to the relationship.

6. Non-redundancy: No two data items in a database should represent the same real world

entity.

Database Operations:

The most commonly used operations performed on the databases are:

(a) Insertion : To add new data into the database.

(b) Selection: To View or retrieve the stored data.

(d) Deletion : To remove or delete the existing data from the database.

(e) Sorting : To arrange the data in a desired order (ascending / descending).

Database Applications:

Some of the important database applications are:

(a) Banking: For customer information, accounts, and loans and banking transactions.

(b) Universities: For Student information, course registrations, Faculties information.

CLICK HERE FOR NOTES DBMS - INTERDUCTION (UNIT-1)

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