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PC HARDWARE and NETWORKING


 PC HARDWARE AND NETWORKING

Networking and PC hardware are crucial parts of contemporary computer systems. Building, maintaining, and troubleshooting computer networks require an understanding of hardware components and networking concepts. Here is a summary of networking and computer hardware:

PC Hardware

Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the brain of the computer and is in charge of carrying out computations and executing commands. It establishes a system's processing capacity and speed.

The main circuit board that connects and enables communication between various hardware components is known as the motherboard. It provides interfaces for peripherals and houses the CPU, RAM, storage, and devices.

Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM serves as a temporary data storage for the CPU. It has an impact on the system's multitasking and performance.
Storage Devices: The two main types of storage devices for data and software are hard disc drives (HDD) and solid state drives (SSD). They differ in terms of cost, cost-effectiveness, and speed.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): In graphics-intensive applications like gaming and multimedia editing, the GPU is in charge of rendering and displaying visual content.

Power Supply Unit (PSU): The PSU converts AC power from the outlet into DC electricity that the components can use to power the computer system.

Peripherals: Input and output devices including keyboards, mouse, displays, printers, scanners, and speakers are considered peripherals. They make it possible for users to communicate with computers and exchange data.

NETWORKING:

Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is a network that links devices inside a specific physical location, like a house, a building, or a place of education. It makes it possible for connected devices to communicate, share files, and use resources.

Router: By guiding data packets between networks, a router joins numerous ones. Data flow between devices is controlled and network address translation (NAT) is provided.

Switch: A switch links several devices together in a network and makes communication easier by sending data packets to the right place.

Network protocols: These protocols specify the guidelines and benchmarks for device-to-device communication. Common protocols include HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for web browsing and TCP/IP (delivery Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) for data delivery.
Network Security: Implementing procedures to safeguard data and thwart unauthorised access constitutes network security. This comprises user authentication, encryption, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems.

Wireless networking: Data is transferred between devices using radio waves in wireless networks. Devices can connect wirelessly without using cables thanks to Wi-Fi, a widely used wireless networking technology.

UNIT-1 Introduction to computer hardware


Computer Hardware: Introduction to Hardware components of computer, Components and its parts, Identifying the Important Hardware Components of PC.- CPU, Motherboard, RAM, HDD, ODD, SMPS, K/B, Mouse, Monitor (CRT,LCD,LED) etc, SMPS: About SMPS, Types of SMPS, Power stored in UPS, Components and Circuits inside the SMPS Unit, UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply): Types of UPS (Offline/Line Interactive & Online), Working Principle of each type of UPS. Connecting, Maintenance and Troubleshooting. 

Computer – Hardware
Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of a computer, i.e. the components that can be seen and touched. 

Examples of Hardware are the following −
 Input devices − keyboard, mouse, etc.
 Output devices − printer, monitor, etc.
 Secondary storage devices − Hard disk, CD, DVD, etc.
 Internal components − CPU, motherboard, RAM, etc.

Motherboard
The mb, mainboard, mboard, mobo, mobd, backplane board, base board, main circuit board, planar board, system board, or a logic board on Apple computers. The motherboard is a printed circuit board and foundation of a computer that is the biggest board in a computer chassis. It allocates power and allows communication to and between the CPU, RAM, and all other computer hardware components.

Motherboard overview
A motherboard provides connectivity between the hardware components of a computer, like the processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drive, and video card. There are multiple types of motherboards, designed to fit different types and sizes of computers. Each type of motherboard is designed to work with specific types of processors and memory, so they don't work with every processor and type of memory. However, hard drives are mostly universal and work with the majority of motherboards, regardless of the type or brand.

UNIT-2 Computer management and servicing


Assembling and dissembling PCs, Introduction to BIOS / CMOS Setup, POST (Power On SelfTest), Introduction to BIOS/CMOS Setup, Demonstration of BIOS/CMOS Configuration (Date, Time, Enable/Disable Devices), Dual BIOS Feature, BIOS/CMOS Setup, Booting Sequence/Boot
Order. Introduction to Operating System: Definition, Process of Booting the Operating System, Windows XP/Win7 Activation and Automatic Updating procedures, Computer Management, Computer Management, Disk Management, Defragmentation, Services and Applications, local Users and Groups, Advanced System Settings, Device Manager, Task Manager, Windows Registry, Partitioning, Partitioning of Hard Drive - Primary, Extended, Logical partitions using Partition Tools. Assembling PCs Computer Assembly As we know, computer assembly is a systematic process. First, arrange the computer parts. The sequence for assembly and working of the computer listed below is as:
 • Open the case.
• Install the power supply. 
• Attach the components to the motherboard. 
• Install the motherboard. 
• Install internal drives. 
• Connect all internal cables. 
• Install motherboard power connections
• Connect external cables to the computer. 
• Boot the computer for the first time. 

Prepare the workspace before starting installation of the computer. There should be adequate lighting, good ventilation, and a comfortable room temperature. The workbench or table should be accessible from all sides. Avoid cluttering the surface of the workbench or table with tools and computer components. An anti static mat on the table will help to prevent physical and electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage to equipment. Small containers can be used to hold small screws and other parts as they are being removed. Material Required 

• Computer case, with power supply installed
• Motherboard
• CPU
• Heat sink/fan assembly
• Thermal compound
• RAM module(s)
• Motherboard standoffs and screws
• Anti static wrist strap and anti-static mat 
• Tool kit Procedure

Step 1: Open the case
• The first step in assembling a computer is to open the computer case. There are different methods for opening cases. 

Step 2 : Install the power supply The next step is to install a power supply . There are usually four screws that attach the power supply to the case. Power supplies have fans that can vibrate and loosen screws that are not secured. When installing a power supply, make sure that all of the screws are used and that they are properly tightened. 
• Insert the power supply into the case. 
• Align the holes in the power supply with the holes in the case.

The following Units are provide information according your syllabus

UNIT-1

UNIT-2

UNIT-3

UNIT-4

UNIT-5

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