DESIGN OF OBEJECT ORIENTED APPLICATIONS (DOA)
DOOA:
Creating a blueprint or plan for the behaviour and structure of the software system is a necessary step in the design of an object-oriented application.
This procedure makes ensuring the application is scalable, modular, and maintainable. To develop an object-oriented programme, remember to take the following important phases and factors into account:
1. Identify needs:
Start with comprehending the objectives and needs of the application.
To do this, one must collect both functional and non-functional requirements, comprehend the issue domain, and pinpoint user requirements.
The design process is aided by the objectives being well defined.
2. Determine the major Objects and Classes:
Decide which classes and objects will be the major components of the programme.
Classes specify the guidelines for producing objects, while objects reflect actual things in the real world.
Determine these things' characteristics (information) and behaviours (behaviours) by examining the connections and interactions between them.
3. DEFINE THE CLASS RELATIONSHIPS:
Establish the connections between classes, such as those caused by association, composition, and inheritance.
Subclasses can be created that take on traits and behaviours from a superclass thanks to inheritance.
Creating objects that contain other objects and form a part-whole relationship is known as composition.
An association shows a connection between two or more things.
Use Design Patterns: Design patterns offer tried-and-true answers to typical design issues. To solve certain design problems and encourage code reuse and maintainability, use the right design patterns, such as Factory, Singleton, Observer, or MVC (Model-View-Controller).
Data and behaviour encapsulation: Encapsulation is a cornerstone of object-oriented design. It entails grouping information and associated behaviour into a class and just exposing the interfaces required for interacting with the object. Encapsulation improves data integrity, information concealment, and modularity.
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