DESIGN OF OBEJECT ORIENTED APPLICATIONS (DOA)

DOOA:

 Creating a blueprint or plan for the behaviour and structure of the software system is a necessary step in the design of an object-oriented application.

 This procedure makes ensuring the application is scalable, modular, and maintainable. To develop an object-oriented programme, remember to take the following important phases and factors into account:

1. Identify needs:

 Start with comprehending the objectives and needs of the application.

 To do this, one must collect both functional and non-functional requirements, comprehend the issue domain, and pinpoint user requirements.

 The design process is aided by the objectives being well defined.

2. Determine the major Objects and Classes:

 Decide which classes and objects will be the major components of the programme.

 Classes specify the guidelines for producing objects, while objects reflect actual things in the real world.

 Determine these things' characteristics (information) and behaviours (behaviours) by examining the connections and interactions between them.

3. DEFINE THE CLASS RELATIONSHIPS:

 Establish the connections between classes, such as those caused by association, composition, and inheritance.

 Subclasses can be created that take on traits and behaviours from a superclass thanks to inheritance.

 Creating objects that contain other objects and form a part-whole relationship is known as composition.

 An association shows a connection between two or more things.

 Use Design Patterns: Design patterns offer tried-and-true answers to typical design issues. To solve certain design problems and encourage code reuse and maintainability, use the right design patterns, such as Factory, Singleton, Observer, or MVC (Model-View-Controller).

 Data and behaviour encapsulation: Encapsulation is a cornerstone of object-oriented design. It entails grouping information and associated behaviour into a class and just exposing the interfaces required for interacting with the object. Encapsulation improves data integrity, information concealment, and modularity.

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