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DBMS SQL THEORY

DBMS SQL THEORY

Introduction


SQL stands for “Structured Query Language.” The Structured Query Language is a relational database language. By itself, SQL does not make a DBMS.

SQL is a medium which is used to communicate to the DBMS. SQL commands consist of English-like statements which are used to query, insert, update,and delete data. English-like statements mean that SQL commands resemble English language sentences in their construction and use and therefore are
easy to learn and understand.

SQL is referred to as nonprocedural database language. Here nonprocedural means that, when we want to retrieve data from the database it is enough to tell SQL what data to be retrieved, rather than how to retrieve it.

The DBMS will take care of locating the information in the database. Commercial database management systems allow SQL to be used in two distinct ways. First, SQL commands can be typed at the command line directly. The DBMS interprets and processes the SQL commands immediately, and the results are displayed. This method of SQL processing is called interactive SQL. The second method is called programmatic SQL.

SQL statements are embedded in a host language such as COBOL, FORTRAN, C, etc. SQL needs a host language because SQL is not a really complete computer programming language as such because it has no statements or constructs that allow branch or loop. The host language provides the necessary looping and
branching structures and the interface with the user, while SQL provides the statements to communicate with the DBMS.

Some of the features of SQL are:
– SQL is a language used to interact with the database.
– SQL is a data access language.
– SQL is based on relational tuple calculus.
– SQL is a standard relational database management language.
– The first commercial DBMS that supported SQL was Oracle in 1979.
– SQL is a “nonprocedural” or “declarative” language.


 
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