Skip to main content

OS MATERIALS FOR BSC ALL UNITS

 

OS MATERIALS FOR BSC

UNIT-1:

Operating System is an Interface between a Computer User and Computer
Hardware. Every general-purpose Computer must have an Operating System to
run other programs and applications. It acts as an intermediary between user and
computer.

 An Operating System (OS) is a System Software that controls and co-
ordinate the execution of the programs.

 The purpose of an Operating System is to provide an environment in which
the Users can execute his Programs.
 The Primary Goal of an Operating System is to make the Computer
Systems convenient to use.
 The Secondary Goal of an Operating System is to use the Computer
Hardware in an efficient manner
A Computer System Can be divided roughly into four Components:
a. The Hardware
b. The Application Programs
c. The Operating Systems
d. The Users
a) The Hardware: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory, I/O Devices
Provides The Basic Computing Services For The Systems.
b) The Application Programs: The Application Programs such as Word
Processors, Spreadsheets, Database Systems, Compilers, Web Browsers, Games
etc.
c) The Operating System: The Operating Systems Controls and Coordinate the
use of the hardware among various application programs for the various users.
d) The Users: There may be different users or people trying to solve different
problems.
OS MATERIAL UNIT -1

UNIT-2

Modern Operating Systems have two basic modes in which they can execute a
certain program – User Mode and Kernel Mode.
The Processor (CPU) switches between these two modes.
Applications run in user mode , and core OS components run in kernel mode. These modes define standardised instructions for deciding what resources can be accessed. The dual mode protect data and provide system security.
USER MODE:
It has restricted access to the resources. CPU has restrictions , therefore it can have only access to limited instructions and memory. Utility applications such as text editors, media players are run in the user mode.
User mode does not have direct access to the computer hardware. The mode bit of user mode is “1”.
When an application or program is executed, its initial state and operation mode are loaded on stack. At this point, Processor starts executing the program in this mode.

OS MATERIAL UNIT -2

UNIT-3

Deadlock is a situation where a set of processes are blocked because

each process is holding a resource and waiting for another resource acquired by some other process.

In a deadlock, processes never finish executing, and system resources are tied up, preventing other jobs from starting.

OS MATERIAL UNIT -3

UNIT-4

Memory management, which involves regulating and coordinating the allocation and deallocation of computer memory resources, is a crucial feature of an operating system (OS). Memory management's main objective is to effectively use the memory that is now available to facilitate programme execution and to offer an environment that is dependable and secure for the operating system and applications. The following are some essential memory management ideas:

Memory Hierarchy: Main memory (RAM), secondary storage (hard discs, solid-state drives), registers, caches, and other types of memory are all common components of modern computer systems. Different capacities, access speeds, and prices are available at each level.

UNIT-5

A directory is a container that is used to contain files and sub-directories (folders). It organizes files and folders in a hierarchical manner.
There are several logical structures of a directory, these are given below.
1.Single-level directory:
The single-level directory is the simplest directory structure. In it, all files are contained in the same directory which makes it easy to support and
understand.
A single level directory has a significant limitation, however, when the number of files increases or when the system has more than one user. Since all the files are in the same directory, they must have a unique name. If two users call their dataset test, then the unique name rule violated.

OS MATERIAL UNIT -5


OS LAB PROGRAMS

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

  NATIONAL DEGREE COLLEGE::NANDYAL Introduction  Community Service Project is an experiential learning strategy that integrates meaningful community service with instruction, participation, learning and community development  Community Service Project involves students in community development and service activities and applies the experience to personal and academic development.  Community Service Project is meant to link the community with the college for mutual benefit. The community will be benefited with the focused contribution of the college students for the village/ local development. The college finds an opportunity to develop social sensibility and responsibility among students and also emerge as a socially responsible institution CSP HAND BOOK DOWNLOAD IT EVERYONE Guidelines from APSHE SAMPLE CSP PROJECTS done by the Students of National Degree College CHILD LABOUR AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS AND MARKETING USAGE OF MOBILE ONLINE PURCHAGE PLANTATION DIABETES WATER POLUTION USE O
Post a Comment
Read more

JAVA NOTES FOR ALL

  JAVA NOTES FOR ALL Consider the following important ideas and considerations when dealing with Java: Java is an object-oriented programming language, which means it places a strong emphasis on the idea of objects that encapsulate information and behaviour. Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are important OOP tenets. Syntax and Organisation: Classes are used as building blocks for objects while writing Java programming. Each class consists of variables (fields) for data storage and functions (methods) for behaviour definition. A main() function is often where Java programmes begin to run. Primitive and reference types are the two basic categories of data types in Java. Integer, double, and boolean types are examples of primitive types, whereas objects, arrays, and strings are examples of reference types. Control Flow: Java has statements for controlling the flow of execution based on conditions, including if-else, switch-case, for loops, while loops, and do-while loops. Exce
Post a Comment
Read more

DATA MINING AND DATA WAREHOUSE

  DATA MINING AND DATA WAREHOUSE UNIT-1: Data Mining: Data mining is defined as the procedure of extracting information from large sets of data i.e. there is a large of data available in the industry. This data is of no use until it is converted into useful information. It is necessary to analyze this large amount of data and extract useful information. Sometimes referred as  Knowledge Extraction  Knowledge Mining  Pattern Anaysis  Data Archeology Areas of Data mining:  Financial Data Analysis: The financial data in banking and financial industry is generally reliable and of high quality which facilities systematic data analysis and data mining. Some of the typical cases are as follows:  Loan payment prediction and customer credit policy analysis.  Classification and clustering of customers for targeted marketing  Detection of money laundering and other financial crimes  Retail Industry: Data mining in retail industry helps in identifying customer buying items and trends that
Post a Comment
Read more